Les pronoms sujets et le verbe être
Saying who does the action, and French’s most important verb
⚡Key points
Les pronoms personnels sujets
The subject pronoun says who does the action. In French the subject is almost always required. There are six forms, but seven pronouns to know.
Subject pronouns
| 1st pers. sing. | je (j’) | I — j’ before a vowel: j’aime |
| 2nd pers. sing. | tu | you (friends, family) |
| 3rd pers. sing. | il / elle / on | he / she / «we» (informal) |
| 1st pers. plural | nous | we |
| 2nd pers. plural | vous | you (polite, or several people) |
| 3rd pers. plural | ils / elles | they (masc. / fem.) |
Choosing the right pronoun
tu or vous ?
tu — with friends, family, children
vous — polite, with strangers or older people
vous — also «you» for several people
on = nous (informal)
On est amis. (= Nous sommes amis.)
On parle français. (We speak French.)
verb like il/elle: on est, on parle
ils / elles
ils — men or a mixed group
elles — only women / feminine
Marie et Paul → ils
Dialogue: introductions
Anna: Hello! Are you a student? | Léo: Yes, I am a student. And you, are you the teacher? | Anna: No, we are students too. We are in the same class. | Léo: Great! Are they students too?
Le verbe ÊTRE au présent
The verb être (to be) is irregular and essential. French uses it in the present where English also uses «to be»: Je suis étudiant = I am a student.
être — present tense
| je | suis | I am |
| tu | es | you are |
| il / elle / on | est | he / she is |
| nous | sommes | we are |
| vous | êtes | you are |
| ils / elles | sont | they are |
When to use être
Identity
Je suis Marie.
C’est mon ami.
Nationality, origin
Il est français.
Nous sommes russes.
Profession (no article)
Je suis professeur.
Elle est médecin.
Description
Tu es grand.
Le café est chaud.
Location (être à / dans)
Je suis à Paris.
Le livre est sur la table.
💡Profession after être: no article
Exception: when the job is specified by a complement (whose, which, where…), the article comes back: Je suis le professeur de Jean, Elle est la directrice de l’école.
Dialogue: on the phone
Paul: Hello, where are you? Are you at home? | Sophie: No, I am at work. We are very busy today. | Paul: OK. Are the children at school? | Sophie: Yes, they are in class. Are we free tonight?