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92 lessons available

1
Alphabet, Sounds and Accents
2
Articles (Definite, Indefinite, Partitive)
3
Gender and Number of Nouns
4
Subject Pronouns and ÊTRE in Present Tense
5
AVOIR in Present Tense
6
Verbs in -ER (part 1) - 20 Essential Verbs
7
Verbs in -ER (part 2) - Spelling Variations
8
ALLER and VENIR in Present Tense
9
FAIRE and PRENDRE in Present Tense
10
Greeting and Introducing Yourself
11
Simple Negation (ne...pas)
12
Asking Yes/No Questions
13
Descriptive Adjectives
14
Prepositions of Place
15
Numbers (0-100) and Time
16
Possessive and demonstrative determiners
17
Tonic (stressed) pronouns
18
Days, months and the date
1
The passé composé with avoir
2
The passé composé with être
3
The imparfait
4
Passé composé or imparfait?
5
Time markers (il y a, depuis…)
6
The futur simple
7
Verbs in -ir and other frequent verbs
8
Pouvoir, vouloir, devoir (+ il faut)
9
Direct-object pronouns (le, la, les)
10
Indirect-object pronouns, y and en
11
Pronominal (reflexive) verbs
12
The imperative
13
Relative pronouns: qui, que, où
14
The comparative and superlative
15
Adverbs and intensity
16
Complex negation
17
Logical connectors
18
Asking open questions
19
The conditional for politeness
1
The present subjunctive: formation
2
The present subjunctive: uses
3
The pluperfect (plus-que-parfait)
4
The present and past conditional
5
Hypothesis and condition with si
6
Compound relative pronouns
7
Demonstrative pronouns
8
Possessive pronouns
9
Indefinite pronouns
10
Double object pronouns
11
The gerund and the present participle
12
The passive voice
13
Past participle agreement
14
Reported speech in the present
15
Reported speech in the past
16
Expressing cause
17
Expressing consequence
18
Purpose, opposition and concession
1
The past subjunctive
2
Subjunctive or indicative?
3
Advanced hypothesis and condition
4
The future perfect (futur antérieur)
5
The sequence of tenses
6
The simple past (passé simple)
7
Emphasis (la mise en relief)
8
Nominalisation
9
Reported speech: reporting verbs
10
Formal cause and consequence
11
Formal purpose, opposition and concession
12
The compound participle
13
The advanced passive
14
Advanced indefinites
15
Sentence adverbs and modalisation
16
Discourse connectors
1
The imperfect subjunctive
2
Passé simple and passé antérieur
3
Nuances of the subjunctive
4
Stylistic subject inversion
5
Emphasis and focalisation devices
6
Argumentative connectors
7
Nominalisation and stylistic density
8
Registers of language
9
Common figures of speech
10
Vivid idiomatic expressions
11
Learned and Latin phrases
12
The expletive ne and formal turns
13
Participial clauses
14
Complex subordination and embedding
1
Rhetorical figures
2
Irony and antiphrasis
3
The implicit, the implied and presupposition
4
Archaisms and literary turns
5
Wordplay and puns
6
Proverbs and their subversion
7
Deliberate mixing of registers
Passé composé or imparfait?
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Passé composé or imparfait?

Reviewed and approved by Sidney, holder of the DAEFLE (Alliance Française)·Updated on Oct 4, 2026

Choosing the right tense to tell a story in the past

⚡Key points

Passé composé = action→single, finished, moves the story forward
Imparfait = setting→description, habit, ongoing action
Je dormais quand le téléphone a sonné→imparfait (background) + PC (event)
soudain / souvent→markers for PC / imparfait

Two tenses, two roles

To tell a story in the past, French combines two tenses. The passé composé reports the actions (what happened, once). The imparfait sets the scene (description, context, habits).

The contrast

Passé composé
Single action
Hier, j’ai vu un film. (one event)
Imparfait
Description / setting
Il faisait nuit. (background)
Passé composé
Event that occurs
Le téléphone a sonné.
Imparfait
Repeated habit
Avant, je dormais beaucoup.

Which one to choose?

1

Passé composé → finished, single action

J’ai mangé à midi.

Elle est arrivée à 8 h.

Nous avons visité le musée.

2

Imparfait → description, context, habit

Il faisait beau.

J’étais fatigué.

Tous les jours, je prenais le bus.

💡💡 Both together: setting + event

Often, the imparfait describes the situation and the passé composé brings the event that interrupts it: Je dormais (imparfait, setting) quand le téléphone a sonné (passé composé, event).
Il pleuvait quand je suis sorti.
Nous mangions quand tu es arrivé.
Elle lisait quand la lumière s’est éteinte.

Useful markers

1

Often with the passé composé

hier, ce matin, soudain, une fois, à ce moment-là

2

Often with the imparfait

avant, autrefois, souvent, tous les jours, pendant que, quand (habit)

Dialogue: a memory

InèsQu’est-ce qui s’est passé hier soir ?
TomJe regardais un film quand mon ami a appelé.
InèsIl faisait quoi ?
TomIl était à la gare. Alors je suis parti le chercher.

Inès: What happened last night? | Tom: I was watching a film when my friend called. | Inès: What was he doing? | Tom: He was at the station. So I went to pick him up.

Go further

  • Passé Composé vs Imparfait: How to Choose the Right French Past Tense

Next lesson

  • Time markers (il y a, depuis…) (A2)

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