Les verbes en -er (1er groupe), partie 2
Small spelling changes that keep the right sound
⚡Key points
Pourquoi ces changements ?
These verbs are still 1st-group (same endings), but the stem spelling changes slightly to keep the right sound. The changes follow simple, regular rules.
Verbes en -ger et -cer
Before the ending -ons (the nous form), the spelling adapts: -ger keeps an «e» (mangeons), -cer takes a cedilla (commençons). This keeps the soft sound of «g» and «c».
manger (to eat) — present
| je | mange | I eat |
| tu | manges | you eat |
| il / elle / on | mange | he / she eats |
| nous | mangeons | we eat — note the «e» before -ons! |
| vous | mangez | you eat |
| ils / elles | mangent | they eat |
The « nous » rule
-ger → -geons
manger → nous mangeons
voyager → nous voyageons
nager → nous nageons
-cer → -çons
commencer → nous commençons
placer → nous plaçons
lancer → nous lançons
Dialogue: plans
Lucie: We start the class at nine. | Sam: OK. And shall we eat together at noon? | Lucie: Yes! We are also travelling to Lyon this weekend. | Sam: Great, I am starting to pack the bag.
Verbes avec accent : e/é → è
Some verbs change an e or é in the stem to è when the ending is silent (je, tu, il, ils). The nous and vous forms keep the infinitive spelling.
acheter (to buy) — present
| j’ | achète | I buy — è ! |
| tu | achètes | you buy |
| il / elle / on | achète | he / she buys |
| nous | achetons | we buy — no è |
| vous | achetez | you buy — no è |
| ils / elles | achètent | they buy — è |
Three common families
e → è (acheter, lever)
acheter → j’achète, nous achetons
lever → je lève, nous levons
é → è (préférer, espérer)
préférer → je préfère, nous préférons
espérer → j’espère, nous espérons
double consonant (appeler, jeter)
appeler → j’appelle, nous appelons
jeter → je jette, nous jetons
💡💡 The change disappears with nous and vous
Dialogue: at the shop
Shopkeeper: Are you buying the bread and the fruit? | Customer: Yes, but I prefer the red apples. | Shopkeeper: Very good. What is your name, for the order? | Customer: My name is Antoine. I hope it is ready tomorrow.