Declining the adjective (1): nominative and accusative
Agreeing the adjective in the direct cases, with the animacy rule
⚡Key points
Recap: agreement in the nominative
An adjective always agrees in gender and number with its noun. In the nominative (the subject), the basic endings are -ый/-ий (masc.), -ая (fem.), -ое (neuter), -ые/-ие (plural).
но́вый in the nominative
| Masculine | но́вый | но́вый дом (a new house) |
| Feminine | но́вая | но́вая кни́га (a new book) |
| Neuter | но́вое | но́вое окно́ (a new window) |
| Plural | но́вые | но́вые кни́ги (new books) |
The accusative of the adjective
In the accusative (the direct object), the adjective follows exactly the same logic as the noun: the feminine takes -ую, the masculine inanimate and the neuter do not change, and the animate masculine takes the genitive form (-ого).
но́вый in the accusative
| Masculine inanimate | но́вый | Я ви́жу но́вый дом. (= nominative) |
| Masculine animate | но́вого | Я ви́жу но́вого студе́нта. (= genitive) |
| Neuter | но́вое | Я ви́жу но́вое окно́. (= nominative) |
| Feminine | но́вую | Я чита́ю но́вую кни́гу. |
| Plural animate | но́вых | Я зна́ю но́вых студе́нтов. (= genitive pl.) |
💡⚠️ Masculine animate = genitive (-ого / -его́)
Soft adjectives (-ий)
си́ний (blue) — soft endings
Nominative: си́ний шарф, си́няя кни́га, си́нее не́бо, си́ние глаза.
Accusative fem.: Я ви́жу си́нюю маши́ну.
Accusative masc. animate: Я ви́жу си́него кота́.
Dialogue: shopping
Masha: Which bag do you want? — Liza: I want a red bag and a new phone. — Masha: And I’m looking for a blue dress and a good hairdresser. — Liza: Then let’s go to the big shop in the centre.