Days, Months, and Date
Talking about the calendar and giving a date in Russian
⚡Key points
The days of the week
Russian days are all masculine except среда́ (Wednesday, feminine), пя́тница (Friday, feminine), суббо́та (Saturday, feminine), воскресе́нье (Sunday, neuter). They are written in lowercase — no capital letter, unlike English.
The 7 days
| Monday | понеде́льник | masculine |
| Tuesday | вто́рник | masculine |
| Wednesday | среда́ | feminine |
| Thursday | четве́рг | masculine |
| Friday | пя́тница | feminine |
| Saturday | суббо́та | feminine |
| Sunday | воскресе́нье | neuter (-е) |
Saying "on Monday" with В + accusative
"В + day in the accusative" construction
В понеде́льник я рабо́таю. (On Monday I work.)
Во вто́рник у меня́ встре́ча. (On Tuesday I have a meeting.)
В среду́ я учу́ ру́сский. (On Wednesday I study Russian.)
В суббо́ту мы отдыха́ем. (On Saturday we rest.)
Note on the accusative
Masculine/neuter days: same form as nominative (понеде́льник, воскресе́нье).
Feminine days: accusative in -у: среда́ → среду́, пя́тница → пя́тницу, суббо́та → суббо́ту.
⚠️ "во" instead of "в" before вто́рник (phonetic reason).
Dialogue: planning the week
Anya: When do you have a free day? — Petya: On Saturday. I work Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. — Anya: And on Sunday? — Petya: On Sunday I visit my parents. But Saturday — shall we meet?
The twelve months
Russian months often resemble their European counterparts (Latin and Greek roots). All masculine. Like days, they are written in lowercase.
The 12 months (1 ↔ 6)
| January | янва́рь | In January: в январе́ |
| February | февра́ль | в феврале́ |
| March | март | в ма́рте |
| April | апре́ль | в апре́ле |
| May | май | в ма́е |
| June | ию́нь | в ию́не |
The 12 months (7 ↔ 12)
| July | ию́ль | в ию́ле |
| August | а́вгуст | в а́вгусте |
| September | сентя́брь | в сентябре́ |
| October | октя́брь | в октябре́ |
| November | ноя́брь | в ноябре́ |
| December | дека́брь | в декабре́ |
💡📌 "In + month" = В + month in the prepositional
Giving a date: "May 5th"
To give a full date, Russian uses an ordinal in the neuter nominative (-е form) + the month in the genitive: пя́тое ма́я (lit. "the fifth of May" = May 5). The ordinal carries a suffix and neuter agreement (implicit "number").
Building a date
Ordinal + month in genitive
Пе́рвое января́ (January 1st)
Второ́е февраля́ (February 2nd)
Восьмо́е ма́рта (March 8 — International Women’s Day)
Девятое ма́я (May 9 — Victory Day)
Asking the date
Како́е сего́дня число́ ? (What is the date today?)
Сего́дня двадцать пя́тое ма́я. (Today is May 25th.)
Како́й сего́дня день неде́ли ? (What day of the week is it?)
Dialogue: birthday
Masha: When is your birthday? — Lyosha: March 8th. And yours? — Masha: September 21st. — Lyosha: That is a Saturday this year! — Masha: Yes, perfect. Come to the party!