Bi-aspectual verbs
One form, two aspects: использовать, организовать… and single-aspect verbs.
⚡Key points
What is a bi-aspectual verb?
A bi-aspectual verb (двувидовой) has one single form that can be imperfective OR perfective depending on context. The form does not change: the situation (and time markers) signal the aspect.
Common bi-aspectual verbs
| использовать | НСВ + СВ | to use |
| организовать | НСВ + СВ | to organise |
| исследовать | НСВ + СВ | to research, explore |
| обещать | НСВ + СВ | to promise |
| велеть | НСВ + СВ | to order |
| ранить | НСВ + СВ | to wound |
💡⚠️ Loanwords in -ировать / -овать
How do you know the aspect? Context
Markers decide
НСВ markers (process, habit): до́лго, ча́сто, обы́чно
Он ча́сто испо́льзует слова́рь. (НСВ: repetition)
Учёные до́лго иссле́довали э́тот вопро́с. (НСВ: process)
СВ markers (result, single action): уже, вдруг, за + duration
Он уже испо́льзовал свой шанс. (СВ: result)
Кома́нда за ме́сяц организова́ла конфере́нцию. (СВ: “за ме́сяц”)
Single-aspect verbs (одновидовые)
Conversely, some verbs exist in only one aspect and have no partner. Verbs of state or relation are often imperfective-only; a few verbs of sudden action are perfective-only.
Single-aspect verbs
| Imperfective only | зависеть | to depend (on) |
| Imperfective only | нуждаться | to need |
| Imperfective only | состоять | to consist (of) |
| Perfective only | очнуться | to come to (regain consciousness) |
| Perfective only | понадобиться | to become necessary |
💡⚠️ No aspect pair
Dialogue: a project
Boss: Have you already organised the meeting with the client? — Lena: Yes, I organised it yesterday. Right now I am using a new program for the presentation. — Boss: Great. A lot depends on this meeting. — Lena: I know. If needed, I will stay after work.