Aspect: phase verbs and negation
After начать, продолжать, перестать and to forbid, you always use the imperfective.
⚡Key points
Phase verbs + imperfective infinitive
Phase verbs mark the beginning, continuation or end of an action: начать / начинать, продолжать, кончить / закончить, перестать. They are always followed by an imperfective infinitive (НСВ), because they refer to the unfolding of the action.
Phase verbs
| начать / начинать (to begin) | начать чита́ть | to begin reading (+ imperfective infinitive) |
| продолжать (to continue) | продолжать рабо́тать | to keep working |
| закончить / кончить (to finish) | закончить писа́ть | to finish writing |
| перестать (to stop) | перестать курить | to stop smoking |
Using phase verbs
Begin / continue an action
Он начал учить ру́сский язы́к. (He began learning Russian.)
Я продолжа́ю рабо́тать над прое́ктом. (I keep working on the project.)
Stop / quit
Она́ переста́ла курить. (She stopped smoking.)
💡⚠️ Always imperfective after a phase verb
Other verbs that require the imperfective
Verbs of liking, habit and learning are also followed by an imperfective infinitive: люби́ть, нравиться, привыкать, учиться, уставать.
Liking, habit, learning
Liking and habit → imperfective
Я люблю́ чита́ть. (I love reading.)
Он привы́к вставать рано. (He is used to getting up early.)
Learning → imperfective
Она́ у́чится плавать. (She is learning to swim.)
Я уста́л ждать. (I am tired of waiting.)
Aspect and negation
To forbid or ask someone not to do something, the negative imperative is imperfective. Likewise, after не надо, не ну́жно, не стоит, the infinitive is imperfective.
Negation and the imperfective
Prohibition (negative imperative) → imperfective
Не закрывай окно́! (Do not close the window!)
Не говори́те так гро́мко. (Do not speak so loudly.)
Не надо / не стоит + imperfective infinitive
Не надо плакать. (You should not cry.)
Не стоит спешить. (There is no point in hurrying.)
💡⚠️ Forbidding = imperfective
Dialogue: new resolutions
Ania: I have decided to start doing sport. — Vitia: Well done! And I have stopped eating sweets. — Ania: You should not change everything at once. Keep doing what you can. — Vitia: You are right. And I will not rush.